THE HISTORY OF THE USE OF STEM CELLS

The stem cells are living cells.  It is found in organisms having multiple cells.  These cells can get divided into a number of types of cells.  These cells can rejuvenate old cells.  We find stem cells of two major types in human beings.       They are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.  The blastocysts divide the inner cell mass of blastocysts.

 In a wide range of tissues, we find adult stem cells.  The progenitor cells work in association with stem cells.  They form the repair mechanism.  The embryo development is supported by stem cells as they develop into all the specialized cells.  The rejuvenation process increases.

The study of cell biology started with the use of microscopes in 1800.  The rise and growth of the cells were seen for the first time.  The cells can tell us about our human development.  The stem cells gave rise to white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.  This was discovered in early 1900.  The Canadian researchers named Earnest A.  McCulloch and James E. Till studied the cellular activities of bone marrow cells in mouse.  It was found to be self-renewing. 

Since 1963 the researchers have started working with adult stem cells in animals and human beings.  The adult stem cell was used in patients getting radiation and chemotherapy in 1950s.  New techniques were introduced to change the inherited trait in human beings.  This was seen with the development of biotechnology in 1980s and 1990s.  The scientists were capable of growing human cells in their laboratory.  So the researcher started analyzing on human stem cells.

The British scientists have started a technique for the first time on horses.  The stem cells of an individual are developed outside the body.  Then the damaged tendon was injected.  The rate of recovery for human being is 80%.  This will lead to a great advancement in sports medicine.  In 2005, the research started on human being from ponies to human beings. 

The treatment process using bone marrow cells involves steps like the gathering of cells  from the horse and injected into the tendon cells of man.  The tendon cells are grown in the laboratory and injected at the place of injury.  The pain involved in surgery is not present.  This is a treatment without surgery.  Here we can prevent the infection by following this treatment using stem cells. 

The tendon injury in horses can be treated effectively using stem cells.  The stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood are quite useful and can heal wounds.

 The countries following permissive policy using embryonic stem cell derivation techniques are Australia, Belgium, China, India, Israel, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom and others.  The countries following flexible policy using stem cells from fertility clinic donations in Brazil, Canada, France, Iran, South Africa, Spain, the Netherlands, Taiwan and others.  The countries following restrictive policy are Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway and Poland.  California has taken an initiative to fund 300 million.